Stephen Fried
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 Flockhart had told me that after doing that work, he believed that doctors should always warn their patients never to take any drugs with grapefruit juice, because it was too easy to accidentally overdose yourself even with standard doses. (Something in the juice inhibited the Cytochrome P450 system in the liver, Flockhart's research passion, so drugs stayed in the body much longer than normal.) At the same time, he and others at Georgetown were quietly experimenting with using the grapefruit juice effect to lower the required dose of extremely expensive drugs. |
The Life Extension Editorial Staff
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 Orange and grapefruit juice had no effect. The authors proposed that the flavonoids in grape juice may decrease the risk of thrombosis (Keevil et al. 2000).
Sulfur-Containing Compounds N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine
The amino acid N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) inhibits platelet aggregation by several mechanisms, including:
• Increasing the antiplatelet aggregrating effects of L-arginine, which promotes endogenous synthesis of nitric oxide (Anfossi et al. 1999, 2001). |
Bradley J. Willcox, M.D., D. Craig Willcox, Ph.D., Makoto Suzuki, M.D.
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 Warm Vl cup water in the microwave on low for 1 minute. Stir in the agar-agar powder and turbinado sugar to dissolve.
In a blender, process the cantaloupe, grapefruit juice, and honey until smooth. Add the agar-agar mixture and process again to mix evenly.
Transfer to a baking pan, cover with plastic wrap, and freeze for 1 to 1 Vi hours, or until solid.
Using a wooden spatula, break the frozen mixture into pieces. Process them in the blender until soft but not melted. Return the mixture to the container and freeze for 1 hour. Repeat this step 2 to 3 times. |
Sheldon Saul Hendler and David Rorvik
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 Some drugs have up to a three-fold greater bioavailability when coadministered with grapefruit juice. It is thought that the grapefruit flavonoid naringenin plays some role in this effect. Naringe-nin and/or other substances found in grapefruit juice inhibit cytochrome P-450 3A4 (CYP 3A4). Drugs affected include the calcium channel blocker felodipine, as well as carbamazepine, cyclosporine, lovastatin, simvastatin, saquinavir and nisoldipine. Those taking these drugs need to exercise some caution in the use of any grapefruit products. |
David Heber, M.D., Ph.D.
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 There is an enzyme on the surface of the small intestine whose production is inhibited by chemicals in the grapefruit juice. This type of interaction of chemicals in grapefruit juice with your genes is an example of how diet can powerfully affect the body's enzyme systems. There are many other examples mentioned later, but the point is that these enzyme changes also can protect your body from chemicals in the diet or the environment.
DNA Damage and Common Diseases
As we age, our DNA protection systems become less effective and we generate more oxygen in our cells. |
Earl L. Mindell, R.Ph., Ph.D.
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 Taking felodipine and nifedipine with grapefruit juice can double drug levels, a potentially deadly interaction, and it can also affect the levels of other types of calcium channel blockers. It's best in general not to take medicine with grapefruit juice unless your physician asks you to. Some calcium channel blockers may increase the amount of alcohol that gets into the blood when you have a drink or take medicine containing alcohol.
What Nutrients Do They Throw Out of Balance or Interact With?
Excess vitamin D may reduce the effectiveness of verapamil. |
Stephen Fried
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| While exploring the toxicity of Seldane, Flockhart had discovered that taking it with grapefruit juice dramatically increased blood levels of the antihistamine; so high, Graedon said, "that it could cause death."
Flockhart had told me that after doing that work, he believed that doctors should always warn their patients never to take any drugs with grapefruit juice, because it was too easy to accidentally overdose yourself even with standard doses. |
James A. Duke, Ph.D.
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 IV2 cups pink grapefruit juice
1 cup chopped carrots
1 cup chopped sweet, potatoes
2 teaspoons grated orange rind Dash of salt
Dash of paprika Dash of turmeric Sugar (optional) 1 teaspoon grated coconut
In a large saucepan, combine the pumpkin, oranges, grapefruit juice, carrots, sweet potatoes, orange rind, salt, paprika and turmeric. Bring to a simmer over medium heat. Cover and cook for 20 minutes, or until the vegetables are tender.
Working in batches, transfer the mixture to a blender and puree. Return the mixture to the saucepan. Taste and add a small amount of sugar if needed. |
Textbook of Natural Medicine 2nd Edition Volume 1Michael T. Murray, ND
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| Studies in humans have shown grapefruit juice (i.e. naringin) to increase the oral bioavailability of drugs like nifedipine, felodipine, verapramil, and terfenadine, as well as inhibiting the breakdown of various drugs, particularly caffeine, coumarin, and estrogens.48 Avoidance of grapefruit juice and flavonoid preparations containing naringin is recommended when taking any of these drugs.
REFERENCES
1. Hertog MG, Feskens EJ, Hollman PC et al. Dietary antioxidant flavonoids and risk of coronary heart disease, the Zutphen Elderly Study. Lancet 1993; 342: 1007-1011
2. |
James A. Duke, Ph.D.
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 WHAT YOU NEED
% cup hawthorn berries 1 cup grapefruit juice 1 teaspoon crushed celery seed
Fresh ginger, grated
Lemon peel, grated
WHAT TO DO
In a blender, combine the hawthorn berries, grapefruit juice, and celery seed. Remove the hawthorn seeds. Add the ginger and lemon peel to taste. Blend to a drinkable consistency.
Chinese physicians use yinyanghuo to treat high blood pressure. I think they're onto something. In the United States, the plant is grown as an ornamental.
I'm not aware of any specific dosage recommendations for yinyanghuo. |
| WHAT YOU NEED
V2 cup hawthorn berries 1 cup pineapple juice 1 cup grapefruit juice Fresh ginger, grated
WHAT TO DO
In a blender, combine the hawthorn berries, pineapple juice, and grapefruit juice. Strain out the seeds. Add the ginger to taste.
CHAPTER 27
Appetite Tfoss
Dr. Duke's Anti-Aging Elixir
Appetizing Appetizer
WITH SO MANY AMERICANS overweight, and weight loss a national obsession, we sometimes forget that appetite loss can be a problem. In the medical community, the condition is known as anorexia. |
| Steer clear of apple and grapefruit juice. In another Harvard study involving 45,000 male health professionals, both apple juice and grapefruit juice appeared to increase kidney stone risk. If you've already had a stone, I'd advise avoiding these beverages, as much as I love them.
Garnish your beverage with a slice of lemon. Lemon juice contains citric acid, which helps prevent the formation of calcium oxalate crystals in urine. Other good sources of citric acid include lime, pomegranate, tangerine, strawberry, purslane, potatoes, soy, and roselle, a major ingredient in Red Zinger herbal tea. |
Schuyler W. Lininger, Jr. DC
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 Whether grapefruit juice actually causes kidney stone recurrence or is merely associated with something else that increases risks remains unclear; some nutritionally oriented doctors suggest that people with a history of stones should restrict grapefruit juice intake until more is known.
Bran, a rich source of insoluble fiber (p. 293), reduces the absorption of calcium, which in turn causes urinary calcium to fall.28 In one trial, risk of forming kidney stones was significantly reduced simply by adding one-half ounce of rice bran per day to the diet. |
Glenn W. Geelhoed, M.D. and Jean Barilla, M.S.
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 In China, they like to use grapefruit juice instead.
Exercise!
Any aerobic exercise helps keep your body in tune, and that includes preventing constipation. Exercises such as walking, jogging, or running increase blood flow to the intestines, which can help improve bowel regularity.
LICORICE Licorice, which you probably recognize as a flavoring agent in various confections and liqueurs, comes from a tall, spiky plant that has small blue flowers. This plant, whose name means "sweet root" in Greek, was used by the ancient Greeks as a laxative. |
the Editors of FC&A Medical Publishing
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 And studies have found that drinking grapefruit juice may actually increase your risk of kidney stones.
Lemons and limes
Benefits
Combats cancer
Protects your heart
Controls blood pressure
Smoothes skin
Stops scurvy
No matter how many times you squeeze lemons and limes into your diet, it's probably not enough — and here's why. These fragrant citrus fruits offer a quick boost of disease-fighting nutrients. Just one tablespoon of lemon juice gives you more than 10 percent of the RDA for vitamin C.
Just ask the sailors of the British navy. |
Ben Davis
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| The fast was not continued long, as the patient wanted to get back to his office for some important business, so he was put upon a careful diet, and the olive oil and grapefruit juice taken every third day for six more times. The bilestones and gallstones continued to come out with the enemas until they were all gradually eliminated, and at the end of 30 days there was no further sign of anything except bile being brought away.
"This cure was effected over four years ago, and the patient has remained in perfect health ever since, with not the slightest return of any symptom of gallstones. |
Glenn W. Geelhoed, M.D. and Jean Barilla, M.S.
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| The Seminole Indians of Florida traditionally gargled grapefruit juice to prevent colds and to alleviate sore throats.
The early explorers knew no more about vitamin C than did the natives. But they all made the connection between citrus fruits and warding off colds.
ECHINACEA Many herbalists believe echinacea (or purple coneflower) stimulates the immune system by increasing the body's ability to produce white blood cells (which destroy viruses and bacteria). Echinacea is available in tea and capsule form in most drug stores and natural products stores. |
the Editors of FC&A Medical Publishing
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| Keep your refrigerator stocked with refreshing orange and grapefruit juice and you may keep UTIs at bay. Like the elements in cranberry juice, vitamin C and citric acid in citrus fruits may make your urine more acidic, thus making it more difficult for bacteria to grow.
Water. Ordinary water does an extraordinary job of washing bacteria out of your body before it has a chance to multiply. Drink at least six to eight glasses of water every day. Pale-colored urine is a good sign that you're getting enough. If your urine is dark, visit the water fountain a little more often.
Parsley. |
John Heinerman
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 He persuaded the astonished wife to pick the tender young alfalfa shoots, chop them and combine them with equal parts of water and canned grapefruit juice.
The patient was also given canned vegetables, whole grain bread and raw milk in the correct amounts. Eventually, the leg condition healed up completely with the farmer strictly adhering to this dietary regimen.
The rich chlorophyll content found in alfalfa, and other green plants like it, was used by some doctors in major hospitals in the 1940s for treating infections resulting from surgical incisions, bed sores and inner ear problems. |
Ben Davis
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| A fast of grapefruit juice was started, using a glass three times daily, together with a glass of water. After the third day, her abdomen had decreased to 38". This bloated condition which had been removed was almost entirely gas. The fast was continued for 20 days, during which time the abdomen came down to 24"—exactly half its former size. She was then put upon the following diet:
Breakfast—Whites of 3 eggs.
3 or 4 slices of thin, brown toast.
Choice of stewed fruit, without sugar. Lunch— Glass of orange juice, with a glass of water. |
Prevention Magazine
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 In some cases, one dose of the drug essentially acted like five.
"The more we study, the more drugs we find that are affected by grapefruit juice," says Dr. Bailey, associate professor of pharmacology and toxicology at the university.
It appears that naringin, a compound found in grapefruit, turns off an enzyme in the small intestine that helps metabolize certain drugs. When a drug isn't metabolized as quickly, more is absorbed into the body, magnifying its effect. |
| The quickest way to get vitamin C, for example, is to have a glass of grapefruit juice, an orange, or a half-cup of sweet ted peppets, each of which provides more than 100 percent of the Daily Value (DV). For beta-carotene, deep green or bright orange fruits and vegetables are your best picks. One sweet potato or large carrot delivers between 12 and 15 milligrams, slightly more than the 6 to 10 milligrams that experts recommend we get. |
the Editors of FC&A Medical Publishing
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| In a recent study, an 8-ounce serving of wine lowered the risk of kidney stones by 59 percent, while coffee and tea reduced risk by 8 to 10 percent. But grapefruit juice increased risk by 44 percent. r
Pantry pointers
Grapefruit isn't picked until it's ripe, so you don't have to worry about getting a "green" one. Choose one that feels heavy for its size, and you'll get a fruit that's juicy and tasty. You can store grapefruit at room temperature for a week or in the refrigerator for six to eight weeks. For a juicier treat, let it sit at room temperature for a while before eating. |
Earl Mindell
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 Drinking grapefruit juice with allergy medication such as Seldane, which contains terfenadine, can cause irregular heartbeat and increase your risk of heart attack.
• People taking MAO inhibitors should avoid aged foods high in tyramine (cheese, wine, etc.) and be aware that the tyramine content of foods generally increases with age.
• Folacin (folic acid) decreases the anticonvulsant action of phenytoin (Dilantin™).
• Antibiotics are reduced in their effectiveness when taken with supplements. (Take supplements at least an hour before or two hours after prescription antibiotics. |
Laurie Deutsch Mozian, M.S., R.D.
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 Ordinarily, hindering these enzymes doesn't cause any problems, unless a person drinks grapefruit juice to swallow a medication that is usually broken down by CYP 3A4 enzymes before being absorbed into the bloodstream. The enzymes are then not available to break down the drug, so a more active drug remains in the intestines and may be absorbed into the bloodstream over a longer period of time. The end result is that a person receives a higher dose of the medication. |
| Drugs affected by grapefruit juice are Halcion, Versed, Plendil, Procardia, Seldane, Sandimmune, Adalat, Invirase, Tegretol, and Mevacor.
Genistein (JEN-i-steen). Genistein is an isoflavone found in legumes. It is very well absorbed by the human digestive tract. Among the isoflavones, genistein has the highest binding affinity for estrogen receptors, as well as some estrogenic activity, and thus it is considered a phytoestrogen. Genistein is the ingredient thought to give soy foods their ability to minimize the irritating symptoms of menopause. |
Sheldon Saul Hendler
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 A quarter of a fresh cantaloupe of average size contains 335 milligrams; one orange contains 307 milligrams; one-half of a grapefruit has 200 milligrams; one-half cup of frozen concentrate of grapefruit juice contains 456 milligrams; one-half cup of frozen concentrate of orange juice has 245 milligrams; one slice of whole-wheat bread contains 288 milligrams.
Myo-inositol is available in health food stores. For those who want to use this substance, insist on myo-inositol, which is the only nutritionally active form. This is the form usually sold in health food stores. |
Isadore Rosenfeld, M.D.
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 At the same time, cut down on foods with a high-oxalate content—colas, fresh tea, beer, coffee, cranberry juice, grapefruit juice, as well as spinach and other green vegetables. (Foods with high and moderate oxalate content are listed on page 393.) If you are prone to forming calcium oxalate stones, you must avoid high-oxalate foods, you should try to cut down on moderate-oxalate foods, but you are probably safe eating the many foods that are low in oxalate such as milk, eggs, cheese, and most meats (but watch out for their impact on heart disease). |
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