Alan R. Gaby, M.D., Jonathan V. Wright, M.D., Forrest Batz, Pharm.D. Rick Chester, RPh., N.D., DipLAc. George Constantine, R.Ph., Ph.D. Linnea D. Thompson, Pharm.D., N.D. See book keywords and concepts | Sulforaphane is found in highest concentrations in broccoli sprouts, but it is also found in mature broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables, such as cauliflowet, cabbage, and kale.
Sulforaphane has been used in connection with the following conditions (refer to the individual health concern for complete information):
Rating Health Concerns
•kftiZ Cancer (page 87) (risk reduction)
Who is likely to be deficient?
Sulforaphane is not an essential nutrient, and thus no deficiency state exists.
How much is usually taken? | | In a large preliminary study, cruciferous and green leafy vegetables, as well as citrus fruit and juice, conferred the highest degree of protection.11 Because it is not clear which components of fruits and vegetables are most responsible for the protective effect against stroke, people wishing to reduce their risk of stroke should rely primarily on eating more fruits and vegetables themselves, rather than taking supplements.
A large study also found that women who eat higher amounts of whole grains are at lower risk of ischemic stroke. | by Michael Murray, N.D. and Joseph Pizzorno, N.D. See book keywords and concepts | | Cabbage
Cabbage is the "king" of the cruciferous family of vegetables, which also includes broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, collards, kale, mustard greens, radishes, rutabaga, turnips, and other common vegetables. The members of this family of vegetables are currently receiving much attention for their impressive anticancer properties.
The three major types of cabbage are green, red, and Savoy. The color of green cabbage ranges from pale to dark green, while red cabbage has leaves that are either crimson or purple with white veins running through. | Alan R. Gaby, M.D., Jonathan V. Wright, M.D., Forrest Batz, Pharm.D. Rick Chester, RPh., N.D., DipLAc. George Constantine, R.Ph., Ph.D. Linnea D. Thompson, Pharm.D., N.D. See book keywords and concepts | Indole-3-carbinol is found in highest concentrations in broccoli, but is also found in other cruciferous vegetables, such as cauliflower, cabbage, and kale. lndole-3-carbinol has been used in connection with the following conditions (refer to the individual health concern for complete information):
Rating Health Concerns kkit Cancer prevention (page 87) (cervical cancer)
How much is usually taken?
Based upon preliminary studies it is estimated that the minimum amount required for the prevention of breast cancer (page 65) is 300 to 400 mg daily.26
Are there any side effects or interactions? | Neal D. Barnard and Bryanna Clark Grogan See book keywords and concepts | It also shows up in places you may not expect: cruciferous vegetables—broccoli, brussels sprouts, cauliflower, and kale—as well as tomatoes and sweet potatoes. Healthy sources of vitamin E include cooked spinach, soy milk, mangos, wheat germ, and, of course, most multivitamins.
Finally, people who avoid alcohol have about 10 percent less cataract risk than other people. Even very modest consumption, about two drinks per week, is linked to increased risk."
Retinopathy
The retina, located at the back of your eye, is like camera film. | Alan R. Gaby, M.D., Jonathan V. Wright, M.D., Forrest Batz, Pharm.D. Rick Chester, RPh., N.D., DipLAc. George Constantine, R.Ph., Ph.D. Linnea D. Thompson, Pharm.D., N.D. See book keywords and concepts | Diindolylmethane
Diindolylmethane is a substance also found in cruciferous vegetables. Test tube208 and animal studies209 suggest that it may help protect against breast cancer. However, no clinical trials with cancer patients given diindolylmethane have yet been published.
Calcium D-glucarate (page 486) (D-Glucaric acid) Calcium D-glucarate is available as a supplement, and it is also found in fruits and vegetables in a slightly altered form—D-glucaric acid. | Phyllis A. Balch, CNC See book keywords and concepts | Indoles, found in cruciferous vegetables such as Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, and cabbage, increase immune activity and make it easier for the body to excrete toxins. Saponins, found in kidney beans, chickpeas, soybeans, and lentils, may prevent cancer cells from multiplying. P-coumaric acid and chlorogenic acid, found in tomatoes, interfere with certain chemical unions that can create carcinogens. The list of these protective substances goes on and on. Tomatoes alone are believed to contain an estimated 10,000 different phytochemicals. | by Michael Murray, N.D. and Joseph Pizzorno, N.D. See book keywords and concepts | | Turnips and Turnip Greens
The turnip (Brassica rapa rapifeera) is a member of the cruciferous vegetable family, which also includes cabbage and broccoli. Both the root and the greens of turnips are edible. Turnip greens are smaller and tenderer than their cousin collards, and they have a slightly bitter flavor.
Rutabagas, which are similar to turnips, are actually a cross between turnips and kale.
HISTORY
Turnips were cultivated almost 4,000 years ago in Asia. The Greeks and Romans further cultivated turnips into several new varieties. | Russell L. Blaylock, M.D. See book keywords and concepts | A high intake of fruits and vegetables is vitally important, especially cruciferous vegetables, such as cauliflower, broccoli, and brussels sprouts. Kale, blueberries, blackberries, raspberries, strawberries, and spinach are also all important in protecting you against free-radical damage and inhibiting the growth and spread of your cancer.
Eat at least ten servings of a variety of vegetables every day. Blenderizing would be even better since it releases phytochemicals for maximum absorption. | | Studies that showed little or no effect are ones that did not reduce the N-6 fat intake or add known powerful antioxidants to the diet, such as cruciferous vegetables.
Experimental studies using animal models genetically prone to autoimmune disease (resembling human cases) have consistently shown a tremendous benefit from a diet high in N-3 oils. We know that humans develop autoimmune diseases only if they are genetically prone to do so. Upon being exposed to certain environmental triggers, they may develop the full blown disease. | Mike Adams See book keywords and concepts | Johns Hopkins University. cruciferous vegetables protect against lung cancer. The Lancet. Uncooked soy can lower cholesterol by 9 percent. University of Kentucky. Sweet potatoes boost immune system. American Institute for Cancer Research.
Vitamins, minerals and other nutrients
Folic acid reduces cancer risk in children by 60 percent. University of Toronto (U of T)
Vitamin A cures rare leukemia in 33 percent of patients. The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center.
Iron deficiency linked to restless leg syndrome. Mayo Clinic. | | Healing foods for Breast Cancer
***** soybeans ***** cabbage
***** tomato ***** flaxseeds
***** fish ***** tempeh
***** cauliflower ***** triticale
***** orange ***** mandarin
***** kiwi ***** whole grain wheat
***** lentils ***** wheat
***** broccoli
Products to consider for Breast Cancer:
<*~ Mega Green Tea and Extract and Dual-Action cruciferous Vegetable Extract (www.LEF.org)
Una de Gato and Aquazon and Graviola (http://AmazonDreams.AmazonHerb.net) *" Baseline Nutritionals Women's Formula (www.BaselineNutritionals.com) ** GCW Antioxidant Defense System RED (www.GoodCauseWellness. | | Dual-Action cruciferous Vegetable Extract (www.LEF.org) ** Gravida (http://AmazonDreams.AmazonHerb.net/Group06_Graviola.aspx) <•"¦ Yaeyama Chlorella (www.Jarrow.com) *" Spirulina (www.Cyanotech.com)
Natural Cellular Defense (www.PacificRimMarketing.net)
«•* Baseline Nutritionals Blood Support (www.BaselineNutritionals.com) This product is actually a potent anti-cancer formula, although it cannot be stated as such by the manufacturer due to FDA censorship.
Una de Gato (http://AmazonDreams.AmazonHerb. | Patrick Quillin, PhD,RD,CNS See book keywords and concepts | Since then, the active ingredient "indoles" have been isolated from cruciferous vegetables and found to be very protective against cancer. Scientists at Johns Hopkins University found that lab animals fed cruciferous vegetables and then exposed to the deadly carcinogen aflatoxin had a 90 percent reduction in their cancer rate.10
Cruciferous vegetables are able to increase the body's production of glutathione peroxidase, which is one of the more important protective enzyme systems in the body.
-Mushrooms. Gourmet chefs have long prized various mushrooms for their subtle and exotic flavors. | Alan R. Gaby, M.D., Jonathan V. Wright, M.D., Forrest Batz, Pharm.D. Rick Chester, RPh., N.D., DipLAc. George Constantine, R.Ph., Ph.D. Linnea D. Thompson, Pharm.D., N.D. See book keywords and concepts | No side effects or drug interactions have been reported, although sulforaphane and dietary consumption of cruciferous vegetables does interact with drug detoxifying enzymes (page 506).16 People taking prescription drugs should therefore consult a doctor before taking sulforaphane or broccoli-sprout extracts. and skin. Sulfur contributes to fat digestion and absorption, because it is needed to make bile acids. Sulfur is also a constituent of bones, teeth, and collagen (the protein in connective tissue). As a component of insulin, sulfur is needed to regulate blood sugar. | Neal D. Barnard and Bryanna Clark Grogan See book keywords and concepts | The same goes for cruciferous vegetables. Yes, we all love a stalk of fresh broccoli from the crudites tray, but if that gives you digestive trouble, cook vegetables until you can easily pierce them with a fork.
It goes without saying that you want to avoid dairy products and sugar. Dairy products, of course, are already off the list, but digestive problems are yet another reason to steer clear of them, as you saw in Chapter 4. The lactose (milk sugar) that makes up fully 55 percent of the calories in fat-free milk causes many people to have gas, cramps, and diarrhea. Here is why. | | Beans and undercooked cruciferous vegetables (broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, and brussels sprouts, for example) are the main culprits. Chances are, all you need to do is have smaller servings. If you have been replacing a huge steak with a huge plate of beans, remember that a small amount of beans goes a long way. Try downsizing your portions.
Over time, you will find that your body adjusts, so you can have larger portions with less gassiness. If you cook beans from scratch, be sure to discard the water used to soak them and then cook them in fresh water. | Patrick Quillin, PhD,RD,CNS See book keywords and concepts | Scientists at Johns Hopkins University found that lab animals fed cruciferous vegetables and then exposed to the deadly carcinogen aflatoxin had a 90 percent reduction in their cancer rate.10
Cruciferous vegetables are able to increase the body's production of glutathione peroxidase, which is one of the more important protective enzyme systems in the body.
-Mushrooms. Gourmet chefs have long prized various mushrooms for their subtle and exotic flavors. Now there is an abundance of scientific evidence showing that Rei-shi, Shiitake, and Maitake mushrooms are potent anti-cancer foods. | Mark Hyman, M.D. See book keywords and concepts | Eat at least one cup of cruciferous vegetables daily (broccoli, cauliflower, brussels sprouts, cabbage, kale, bok choy).
• Include as much garlic as possible in your diet—or take it as a supplement.
• Eat high-quality sulfur-containing proteins: eggs, whey protein (obtainable in health food stores), garlic, and onions.
• Drink decaffeinated green tea in the morning.
• Try fresh vegetable juices, including carrot, celery, beet, parsley, and ginger.
• Season food with rosemary, which contains carnosol, a potent booster of detoxification enzymes. | David Hoffman, FNIMH, AHG See book keywords and concepts | Thus, the composite family has become Asteraceae, named after the aster genus, and the cruciferous or mustard family has been renamed Brassi-caceae. The two-lipped flowers of the mint family are now in Lamiaceae, the leguminous plants in Fabaceae, and the umbelliferous plants in Apiaceae. Plants may be reclassified into different families, too. For example, Hypericum has been moved from Hypericaceae to Clusiaceae.
The botanical authority who named the species is listed after the species name. | John Boik See book keywords and concepts | NON NUTRIENT DIETARY CONSTITUENTS THAT INHIBIT CARCINOGENESIS
COMPOUND | SOURCE
Agents that Block Carcinogen Activation
Aromatic isothiocyanates (benzyl isothiocyanate, phenethyl isothiocyanate) cruciferous vegetables
Glucosinolates (glucobrassin, glucotropaeolin) cruciferous vegetables
Monoterpenes (d-limonene, d-carvone) citrus fruit oils, caraway seed oil
Organosulfur compounds (diallyl sulfide, diallyl disulfide, allyl mercaptan, allyl methyl disulfide)
Allium sp. | | Dithiolethiones cruciferous vegetables
Ellagic acid numerous plants
Flavones numerous plants
18-beta-Glycyrrhetinic acid
Glycyrrhiza sp.
Indoles cruciferous vegetables
Nucleophiles numerous plants
Organosulfur compounds
Allium sp. | | Phenols cruciferous vegetables
Tannins numerous plants
Terpenes numerous plants
Glucarates numerous plants
Suppressing Agents
Aromatic isothiocyanates cruciferous vegetables
Inhibitors of the arachidonic acid cascade numerous plants
Inositol hexaphosphate numerous plants
Protease inhibitors soy and other legumes
Terpenes numerous plants
Source: Wattenburg, 1992
14.2 PHYTOESTROGENS
Phytoestrogens are estrogen-like compounds produced in human intestines by bacterial action on precursors present in a variety of seeds and vegetables. | Phyllis A. Balch, CNC See book keywords and concepts | Food sources include cabbage and other cruciferous vegetables, garden sorrel, horseradish, kale, mustard greens, radishes, rutabagas, scallions, spinach, turnips, and watercress.
Subclass: Indoles
Indoles protect against breast and ovarian cancers by helping to prevent abnormal stimulation of estrogen. Indoles also inhibit enzymes that initiate cancer, and help to rid the body of carcinogens contained in cigarette smoke. Other benefits include improved immune response, retarded tumor growth, and assistance in the excretion of toxins from the body. | Ralph W. Moss, Ph.D. See book keywords and concepts | The compound is also found in other cruciferous vegetables, such as brussels sprouts, cauliflower and kale, and in such non-cruciferous vegetables as carrots and green onions. It is not destroyed by microwaving or steaming. The Johns Hopkins research was published in the March 15,1992 issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy ofSciences (6,7).
1. Albert PM. Physiological effects of cabbage with reference to its potential as a dietary cancer-inhibitor and its use in ancient medicine. J Ethnopharmacol.l983;9:261-72.
2. Stoewsand GS, et al. | the Editors of FC&A Medical Publishing See book keywords and concepts | As simple as it may seem, eating a cruciferous vegetable like cauliflower just three or more times a week could reduce your risk of getting prostate cancer by a whopping 41 percent.
"It's not clear from case-control studies of cruciferous vegetables which component leads to this reduced risk of prostate cancer," says Dr. Jennifer Cohen, one of the researchers on this study from the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center. But experts suspect that phytonutrients in cauliflower, called glucosinolates, deserve the credit. | Steven G. Pratt, M.D. and Kathy Matthews See book keywords and concepts | I'll give you some ideas here on how to get more broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables into your life.
One of the excellent features of broccoli is its ready availability. It's in season October through May, but it's easy to find in supermarkets all year long. While broccoli is probably most nutritious when bought at a roadside stand from an organic farmer, even frozen broccoli packs a valuable nutritional wallop. If buying it fresh, it pays to look for young broccoli: older broccoli can be tough and can also have a strong odor. | | Indeed, broccoli and its cruciferous sidekicks are among the most powerful weapons in our dietary arsenal against cancer. That alone would elevate it to the status of a SuperFood. In addition, broccoli also boosts the immune system, lowers the incidence of cataracts, supports cardiovascular health, builds bones, and fights birth defects. Broccoli is one of the most nutrient-dense foods known; it offers an incredibly high level of nutrition for a very low caloric cost. | | The strong smell that broccoli, cabbage, and other cruciferous vegetables share comes from the sulfur compounds that protect the plant as well as you. The strong, sometimes bitter taste and smell of these vegetables protect them from insects and animals.
The particular compounds in broccoli that are so effective against cancer include the phytochemicals, sulforaphane, and the indoles. Sulforaphane is a remarkably potent compound that fights cancer on various fronts. |
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